Below is the phylogenetic analysis on the placement of Basilosaurus. Basilosaurus may have been one of the first fully aquatic cetaceans[2] (sometimes referred to as the pelagiceti[7]). Basilosaurus was at one point a wastebasket taxon, before the genus slowly started getting reevaluated, with many species of different Eocene cetacean being assigned to the genus in the past, however they are invalid or have been reclassified under a new or different genus, leaving only 2 confirmed species. [52][53] Vertebrae were sent to the American Philosophical Society by a Judge Henry Bry of Ouachita County, Louisiana and Judge John Creagh of Clarke County, Alabama. [13] The event has been attributed to volcanic activity, meteor impacts or a sudden change in climate (such as the environment getting cooler), the latter of which might have caused changes in the ocean by disrupting oceanic circulation. They are not believed to have had the social capabilities of modern whales. !I hope you subscribe to join the Squad!Make sure to comment new video ideas below!SUBSCRIBE, LIKE, SHARE, COMMENT!!! Basilosaurus was a toothed whale, it was a fairly slender whale, It was a early ancestor of modern whales even though it is descended from terrestrial animals like Ambulocetus. During these mating competitions, the larger and older male would win th… [12] The stomach contents of an elderly male B. isis not only includes Dorudon but the fish Pycnodus mokattamensis. "[57] He noted that some parts of the vertebra were similar to those of Plesiosaurus and skull was similar to Mosasaurus, but that they were completely different in proportions. The first fossils were discovered along the Gulf Coast of the United States, along with a few fossils in the eastern U.S., attributed to the type species B. cetoides. The whale is named "Basilosaurus" because when its bones were first discovered in 1843, was incorrectly identified as a marine reptile. Basilosaurus lived 40-34 million years ago in the Bartonian to Priabonian age of the late Eocene. [26][51] The Holotype Harlan found, was found in Ouachita County, Louisiana. B. cetoides is the type species for the genus. From this it can be deduced that Basilosaurus swam predominantly in two dimensions at the sea surface, in contrast to the smaller Dorudon which was probably a diving, three dimensional swimmer. Basilosauruswas a solitary animal. Wikimedia Commons Basilosaurus plied the world's seas during the late Eocene epoch, about 40 to 34 million years ago, at a time when many megafauna mammals (like the terrestrial predator Andrewsarchus ) were endowed with giant sizes … Basilosaurus was a carnivorous, prehistoric cetacean that lived 40-35 million years ago in the Eocene epoch. The shallow sea that covered southern Alabama, precursor to today's Gulf of Mexico, teemed with marine life. Many of these bones were used as andirons and destroyed; Bry saved the bones he could find, but was convinced more bones were still to be found on the location. It has a long snake-like body that undulates through the seas of the ARK like the sea serpents of folklore and its head is like a crocodile, full of sharp teeth. [21] The periotic bone, which surrounds the inner ear, is partially isolated. There are a few documented cases of this being applied to Basilosaurus in the past. Some of those fossils were sent to an important anatomist who studied and baptised the animal. [5][6] Other information includes an admin spawn command generator, blueprint, name tag and entity class. [29] Basilosaurus did still have an elbow joint in its flipper like a seal. Basilosaurus (meaning "king lizard") is a genus of large, predatory, prehistoric archaeocete whale from the late Eocene, approximately 41.3 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). Harlan identified the tooth as a wedge-shaped shell and instead focused on "a vertebra of enormous dimensions" which he assumed belonged to the order "Enalio-Sauri of Conybeare", "found only in the sub-cretaceous series. Basilosaurus is a genus of cetacean that lived from 40 to 34 million years ago in the Late Eocene.The first Basilosaurus fossils were found in Louisiana, USA, but another species was soon discovered preserved in large numbers in the Fayum deposits of Egypt.. They were originally thought to be of a giant reptile, hence the suffix "-saurus", Ancient Greekfo… The upper and lower molars and second to fourth premolars are double-rooted and high-crowned.[18]. [60], Wadi El Hitan, Arabic وادي الحيتان , "Valley of the Whales", is an Egyptian sandstone formation where many early-whale skeletons were discovered. Basilosaurus does not have the vertically oriented metapophyses seen in its closest relative the basilosaurid known as Basiloterus. Basilosaurus probably swam predominantly in two dimensions at the sea surface, in contrast to the smaller Dorudon, which was likely a diving, three-dimensional swimmer. The head of Basilosaurus did not have room for a melon like modern toothed whales, and the brain was smaller in comparison, as well. [90], Prehistoric cetacean genus from the Late Eocene epoch, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKoch1845 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFGibbes1847 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAgassiz1848 (, "Antarctic Paleontological Heritage: Late Cretaceous–Paleogene vertebrates from Seymour (Marambio) Island, Antarctic Peninsula", "HOW DOES DIGESTION TAKE PLACE IN WHALES? Basilosaurus (King Lizard) was a relatively primitive, predatory whale, that could reach 15-18 metres long. The limited size of the limb and the absence of an articulation with the sacral vertebrae make a locomotory function unlikely. Basilosaurus (meaning "king lizard") was a primitive whale that lived during the middle of Eocene epoch of the Paleogene period (40-35 million years ago). The periotic bone, which surrounds the inner ear, is partially isolated. Basilosaurus has a possible record in Seymour Island in Antarctica. [50] Since then, over 500 archaeocete skeletons have been found at these two locations, of which most are B. isis or D. atrox, several of the latter carrying bite marks assumed to be from the former. [56] [11] A 1990 paper described additional fossils including foot bones and speculated that the reduced hind limbs were used as copulatory guides. The basilosaurid ear did, however, have a large external auditory meatus, strongly reduced in modern cetaceans, but, though this was probably functional, it can have been of little use under water. Basilosaurus lived 40 million years ago in the oceans of the world. Estimates suggest that the largest Basilosaurus species could reach about 20 meters in length. Tudnivalók. The species B. cetoides is the state fossil of Alabama[15] and Mississippi. [58], Harlan brought his assembled specimens (including fragments of jaw and teeth, humerus, and rib fragments) to the UK where he presented them to anatomist Richard Owen. It has the ability to keep survivors warm or cool. This find was another thing that caught the eye of Gingerich.[66]. https://dino.wikia.org/wiki/Basilosaurus?oldid=34558. Basilosaurus ("king lizard") is a genus of early whale that lived 40 to 34 million years ago in the late Eocene. In modern toothed whale this asymmetry is associated with high-frequency sound production and echolocation, neither of which is thought to be present in Basilosaurus. [26], Basilosaurus has an anguilliform (eel-like) body shape because of the elongation of the centra of the thoracic through anterior caudal vertebrae. [64][11][65], In the 1980s, Elwyn L. Simons and Philip D. Gingerich started to excavate at Qasr el-Sagha and Wadi El Hitan with the hope of finding material that could match archaeocete fossils from Pakistan. [12] The whale's skeleton also shows signs of scavenging or predation by large sharks such as the otodontid Carcharocles sokolovi. What does a Basilosaurus eat? [24] One thing that was noted, was that whale fossils were so common, that when a mason company looked at their newest table counter, they realized that they had created a cross section of a 40 million year old Basilosaurid fossil. Basilosaurus (meaning "king lizard") is a genus of large, predatory, prehistoric archaeocete whale from the late Eocene, approximately 41.3 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). Thanks for watching the video!!!! from older Paleocene age Condylarthra. The mandibular canal is large and laterally flanked by a thin bony wall, the pan bone or acoustic fenestra. [33][34][35] Basilosaurus would have coexisted with the dolphin-like Dorudon,[36] the whales Cynthiacetus and Basiloterus,[37] the primitive sirenian Protosiren, the early elephant Moeritherium,[38][39][40] the sea turtle Puppigerus[41] and many sharks, such as Galeocerdo alabamensis,[42] Physogaleus, Otodus, Squatina prima, Striatolamia, Carcharocles sokolovi and Isurus praecursor.[43]. It is believed that they therefore did not have the social capabilities of modern whales. Basilosaurus was extremely long for a whale, because of its elongated verterbrae. [19], In the skull, the inner and middle ear are enclosed by a dense tympanic bulla. In 2016, a complete skeleton, the first-ever find for Basilosaurus, was uncovered in Wadi El Hitan, preserved with the remains of its prey, including a Dorudon and several species of fish. Basilosaurus was a prehistoric whale from the Late Eocene, about 40 to 35 million years ago. [22], A 16-meter (52 ft) individual of B. isis had 35-centimeter-long (14 in) hind limbs with fused tarsals and only three digits. It is the largest known ocean animal of the late Eocene. The first fossil of B. cetoides was discovered in the United States and was initially believed to be some sort of reptile, hence the suffix -"saurus", but it was later found to be a marine mammal. It was first discovered during the 19th century in the United States and was originally thought to have been some kind of prehistoric reptile. It was first discovered during the 19th century in the United States and was originally thought to have been some kind of prehistoric reptile. This cranial torsion probably evolved in protocetids and basilosaurids together with directional underwater hearing and the sound receiving apparatus in the mandible (the auditory fat pad and the pan bone (thin portion of mandible). The finding further cements theories that B. isis was an apex predator that may have hunted newborn and juvenile Dorudon at Wadi Al Hitan when mothers of the latter came to give birth. That made it the largest prehistoric whale. [4][unreliable source?]. Basilosaurus was a carnivorous, prehistoric cetacean that lived 40-35 million years ago in the Eocene epoch. Pachyaena Pakicetus Ambulocetus Rodhocetus Basilosaurus Zygorhiza Year reported 1979 1981 1993 1994 1843 1845 Country where found Pakistan Pakistan Pakistan Pakistan US Egypt and US Geological age 55-67 mya 50 mya 48-50 mya 43-48 mya 40 million 36-40 million Habitat land Coastal regions Swam in fresh and salt water, but also spent time on … Basilosaurus was the top predator of its time and it ate fish, squids and even other whales. Battle Weakness: Bite Battle Class: Silver Diet: Piscivore Basilosaurus is a prehistoric whale which lived approximately 40 million to 34 million years ago during the Late Eocene Period. Basilosaurus fossil record seems to end at about 35–33.9 mya. First described in 1834, it was the first archaeocete and prehistoric whale known to science. Paleontology in Louisiana refers to paleontological research occurring within or conducted by people from the U.S. state of Louisiana.Outcrops of fossil-bearing sediments and sedimentary rocks within Louisiana are quite rare. [30], Analyses of the stomach contents of B. cetoides has shown that this species fed exclusively on fish and large sharks, while bite marks on the skulls of juvenile Dorudon have been matched with the dentition of B. isis, suggesting a dietary difference between the two species, similar to that found in different populations of modern killer whales. More complete fossils uncovered in Egypt in the 1990s, allowed a more accurate estimation: the vertebral column of B. isis has been reconstructed from three overlapping skeletons to a total of 70 vertebrae with a vertebral formula interpreted as 7 cervical, 18 thoracic, 20 lumbar and sacral, and 25 caudal vertebrae. [12], Basilosaurus would have been the top predator of its environment. Part III", "Über bisher in Russland gefundene Reste von Zeuglodonten", "Notice of fossil bones found in the Tertiary formation of the State of Louisiana", "4. The Ark creature ID for basilosaurus with a copyable spawn command. First described in 1834, it was the first archaeocete and prehistoric whale known to science. [27] The skeletal anatomy of the tail suggests that a small fluke was probably present, which would have aided only vertical motion.[28]. On Zeuglodont and other Cetacean Remains from the Tertiary of the Caucasus", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Basilosaurus&oldid=1007677818, Fossil cetaceans misidentified as reptiles, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2020, All articles that may have off-topic sections, Wikipedia articles that may have off-topic sections from September 2019, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles lacking reliable references from October 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 19 February 2021, at 10:16. It was the top predator of its environment, preying on sharks, large fish and other marine mammals, namely the dolphin-like Dorudon, which seems to have been their predominant food source. [11], Hugh Beadnell, head of the Geological Survey of Egypt 1896–1906,[11] named and described Zeuglodon isis in Andrews 1904 based on a partial mandible and several vertebrae from Wadi El Hitan in Egypt. Heavy wear on the teeth reveals that food was first chewed then swallowed. Many dubious species have been assigned to Basilosaurus in the past which have since been invalidated or were too incomplete to determine anything. It was first discovered during the 19th century in the United States and was originally thought to have been some kind of prehistoric reptile. The Basilosaurus is not actually a reptile despite its name, but a whale or cetacean. During the first years of the 19th century in Louisiana, fossilised giant bones became very popular. It has been described as the closest a whale came to a snake. Basilosaurus (bas-ill-oh-sore-us) was a genus of large predatory whale that is known from the United States and regions that were formerly the Tethys Ocean. Unlike most of the modern species of cetaceans, interaction between members of the same kind were often hostile and lethal. [85][86] Basilosaurus is featured in the BBC's Walking with series in Walking with Beasts and Sea Monsters. Judging from the relatively weak axial musculature and the thick bones in the limbs, Basilosaurus is not believed to have been capable of sustained swimming or deep diving, or terrestrial locomotion. Whale evolution chart Name Mesonychids e.g. .mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{width:0.7em;padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}, The two species of Basilosaurus are B. cetoides, whose remains were discovered in the United States, and B. isis, which was discovered in Egypt. [32] Basilosaurus lived in the warm tropical environment of the Eocene in areas abundant with sea grasses, such as Thalassodendron, Thalassia (also known as turtle grass) and Halodule. Basilosaurus Canine Tooth Locality: Dahkla Dessert, Morocco Geological Age: Eocene Specimen Size: 3.26" straight & 3.86" curve Paleontologist Philip D. Gingerich theorized that Basilosaurus may also have moved in a very odd, horizontal anguilliform fashion to some degree, something completely unknown in modern cetaceans. Basilosaurus is considered to have been common in the Tethys sea. The skull of Basilosaurus is asymmetrical like in modern toothed whales, and not, as previously assumed, symmetrical like in baleen whales and artiodactyls closely related to cetaceans. Basilosaurus drazindai and Basiloterus hussaini, new archaeoceti (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Middle Eocene Drazinda Formation, with a revised interpretation of ages of whale-bearing strata in the Kirthar Group of the Sulaiman Range, Punjab (Pakistan). A Basilosaurus volt az egyik legnagyobb ragadozó cet, amely valaha járta az óceánokat.Körülbelül 15–20 méter hosszú lehetett.
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