An explosion at 1100 on 16 September generated an ash plume that rose 50 m above the crater and likely drifted S (inclement weather prevented visual observations).
Two events detected about 15 minutes apart were followed by reports of ashfall as far away as 30 km. At 2310 a small phreatomagmatic eruption from the West Crater lasted about 25 minutes and ended with a strong explosion heard by nearby villagers.
OVSICORI-UNA literature (including the 30 October report discussed above) noted that magma had not previously reached the surface at Turrialba since an eruption in 1866 (~150 years ago).The magmatic eruption continued during 30-31 October (figure 42) with growing magmatic components seen in samples.
Fumaroles were active and widespread across the central crater. During 19-24 July fumarolic plumes rose as high as 500 m, and on most nights incandescence emanated from West Crater. Within the W crater, temperatures of fumaroles reached 280 degrees Celsius and native sulfur was present. A minor emission from the vent was visible on 5 December, and an ash emission drifted S the next day. Turrialba last erupted between 1864 and 1866, producing ash fallout deposits that extended into the Central Valley and a few pyroclastic surges that affected the summit of Turrialba. Ash plumes rose as high as 500 m. During 26-27 November passive emissions with small quantities of ash were visible. One condensate sample had a pH of 4.8. Periods of small volcano-tectonic events and many small-amplitude long-period events were also recorded. OVSICORI-UNA reported that events at Turrialba at 1802 on 31 March and 0838 on 1 April generated plumes that rose 400 and 500 m above the crater rim, and drifted SW and NW, respectively. OVSICORI-UNA reported that starting at about 1800 on 17 May the seismic network at Turrialba began recording very-long-period earthquakes, followed by sustained volcanic tremor with significant amplitude that began at 2200. Gas emission temperatures were more than 350 degrees Celsius. In contrast, ash erupted during 4-5 January 2010 yielded leachate with pH 6.7-7.1 (near neutral). Vegetation to the NW, W, and SW appeared yellowish to dark brown (figure 10). An outline of the recent eruptive history of Turrialba volcano, Costa Rica. A small quantity of ash fell in Cartago and Paraiso de Cartago (25 km SE) on 20 November. Annual fumarole temperature and condensate pH measurements (figure 1) show a rough correspondence with variations in other observed activity. OVSICORI-UNA reported that during 15-16 February high-amplitude tremor at Turrialba remained constant, and sporadic gas emissions with minor amounts of ash drifted S and E. Occasional ballistics were ejected from the crater.
At 0544 on 24 June a short-lived (less than three minutes) emission of ash and gas rose no higher than 200 m above the crater. Vegetation growth was noted in previously burned areas on the W and SW flanks near the summit.
The resulting ash ejection was believed to be material that had accumulated at the bottom of the crater. An explosion at 0900 on 4 February generated an ash plume that rose 300 m and drifted W. Almost continuous ash emissions rose at most 500 above the crater during 4-5 February and drifted WSW (figure 48).OVSICORI-UNA reported that at 1610 on 8 February, an ash plume rose 300 m and drifted N. An event at 1531 on 10 February also produced an ash plume, but inclement weather prevented observations.
During the last week of July, seismicity again increased until an internal explosion on 27 July, after which seismicity decreased.
A jet-like sound was heard on 4 July from a lookout.
According to Alvarado, the eruption of gas in the volcano …
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