We have enough information to plan our commute.Uncertainty is also a part of science. Decisions made today determine risk exposure for current and future generations and will either broaden or limit options to reduce the negative consequences of climate change. Aggregating these benefits into a single monetary Climate change driven disruptions to ecosystems have direct and indirect human impacts, including reduced water supply and quality, the loss of iconic species and landscapes, effects on food chains and the timing and success of species migrations, and the potential for extreme weather and climate events to destroy or degrade the ability of ecosystems to provide societal benefits. Americans are noticing changes all around them. Assessments like this one explicitly address scientific uncertainty associated with findings and use specific language to express it to improve relevance to risk analysis and decision-making Of the two RCPs predominantly referenced throughout this report, the lower scenario (RCP4.5) envisions about 85% lower greenhouse gas emissions than the higher scenario (RCP8.5) by the end of the 21st century The effects of different future greenhouse gas emissions levels on global climate become most evident around 2050, when temperature (Figure 1.3) Annual average temperatures in the United States are projected to continue to increase in the coming decades. Communities have generally focused on actions that address risks from current climate variability and recent extreme events, such as making buildings and other assets incrementally less sensitive to climate impacts. Beyond reduction of climate pollutants, there are many benefits, often immediate, associated with greenhouse gas emissions reductions, such as improving air quality and public health, reducing crop damages from ozone, and increasing energy independence and security through increased reliance on domestic sources of energy Many types of adaptation actions exist, including changes to business operations, hardening infrastructure against extreme weather, and adjustments to natural resource management strategies. Fossil fuel combustion accounts for approximately 85% of total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, with agriculture, land-cover change, industrial processes, and methane from fossil fuel extraction and processing as well as from waste (including landfills, wastewater treatment, and composting) accounting for most of the remainder. Increased scrutiny has led to increased certainty that we are now seeing impacts associated with human-induced climate change. Results from all of these efforts could continue to deepen our understanding of the interactions of human and natural systems in the context of a changing climate, enabling society to effectively respond and prepare for our future. While the agriculture sector has proven to be adaptable to a range of stresses, as evidenced by continued growth in production and efficiency across the United States, climate change poses a new set of challenges. This website is the digital version of the 2014 National Climate Assessment, produced in collaboration with the U.S. Others are vulnerable because of where they live, including those in floodplains, coastal zones, and some urban areas. Climate change will also alter the stability of food supplies and create new food security challenges for the United States as the world seeks to feed nine billion people by 2050. Multiple lines of independent evidence confirm that human activities are the primary cause of the global warming of the past 50 years. Certain groups of people are more vulnerable to the range of climate change related health impacts, including the elderly, children, the poor, and the sick. Projected increases in wildfire activity due to climate change would further degrade air quality, resulting in increased health risks and impacts on quality of life Rising air and water temperatures and changes in extreme weather and climate-related events are expected to increase exposure to waterborne and foodborne diseases, affecting food and water safety. The impacts of global climate change are already being felt in the United States and are projected to intensify in the futureâbut the severity of future impacts will depend largely on actions taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to adapt to the changes that will occur. 2012 The correlation between rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (red) with rising carbon dioxide levels (blue) and falling pH in the ocean (green). Some of the changes discussed in this report are common to many regions. Reference numbers for figure sources refer to external sources. In addition, climate change does not occur in isolation. In Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II [Reidmiller, D.R., C.W. These benefits are not always easy to quantify, but they support jobs, economic growth, health, and human well-being.
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