It is one of the most massive galaxy clusters known, with the mass on the order of 2The galaxy contains vast amounts of hot gas. In the Phoenix Cluster, the team found an additional process that ties the galaxy and its black hole together.The radio jets that heat the core of Phoenix Cluster’s hot atmosphere also appear to stimulate the production of the cold gas required to sustain the AGN.“That’s what makes this result so surprising. New data provide more details on how the galaxy cluster SPT-CLJ2344-4243, nicknamed the Phoenix Cluster for the constellation in which it is found, challenges this The central galaxy in this cluster harbours a supermassive black hole that is in the process of devouring star-forming gas, which fuels a pair of … It is thought that the central black hole acts as a thermostat, preventing rapid cooling of surrounding hot gas and impeding star formation. | The object is also the most powerful producer of X-rays of any known cluster, and among the most massive of clusters.
3 report that a thin streak of stars known as the Phoenix stellar stream is a globular cluster that was disrupted by the Milky Way’s gravity. Composite image showing how powerful radio jets from the supermassive black hole at the center of a galaxy in the Phoenix Cluster inflated huge ‘bubbles’ in the hot, ionized gas surrounding the galaxy (the cavities inside the blue region imaged by NASA’s Chandra X-ray observatory). This makes it one of the most massive black holes known in the universe, 5,000 times the mass of the black hole at the center of the Milky Way. This illustrates how black holes can slow the growth of their host galaxies,” Dr. McDonald said.Without a significant source of heat, the most massive galaxies in the Universe would be forming stars at extreme rates that far exceed observations. ; "An SZ-selected sample of the most massive galaxy clusters in the 2500-square-degree South Pole Telescope survey", arXiv, 6 January 2011, Min Yun et al. Sci-News.com. Image credit: ALMA / ESO / NAOJ / NRAO / NASA / ESA / Hubble / CXC / MIT / H. Russell The team analyzed observations of a huge cluster of galaxies gathered by the Named after the constellation it resides in, about 5.7 billion light-years from Earth, the At its center lies a massive galaxy, which appears to be spitting out stars at a rate of 500-800 solar masses per year.This galaxy harbors a supermassive black hole that is in the process of devouring star-forming gas, which fuels a pair of powerful jets that erupt from the black hole in opposite directions into intergalactic space.Astronomers refer to this type of black-hole powered system as an These expanding bubbles should create conditions that are too inhospitable for the surrounding hot gas to cool and condense, which are essential steps for future star formation.The new ALMA observations, however, reveal long filaments of cold molecular gas condensing around the outer edges of the radio bubbles.These filaments extend up to 82,000 light-years from either side of the AGN, and collectively contain enough material to make about 10 billion Sun-mass stars.“With ALMA we can see that there’s a direct link between these radio bubbles inflated by the supermassive black hole and the future fuel for galaxy growth,” said lead author Dr. Helen Russell, from the “This gives us new insights into how a black hole can regulate future star birth and how a galaxy can acquire additional material to fuel an active black hole.”“We kind of thought they were one-trick ponies, but now we see they can actually help cooling, and it’s not such a cut-and-dried picture.”The ALMA observations reveal previously unknown connections between an AGN and the abundance of cold molecular gas that fuels star birth.“To produce powerful jets, black holes must feed on the same material that the galaxy uses to make new stars. Astronomers believe that the heat, in the form of radiation and jets from an actively feeding supermassive black hole, prevents overcooling of the cluster’s hot gas atmosphere, suppressing star formation.This story, however, now appears more complex. Redshift distribution and nature of the submillimetre galaxy population", arXiv, 28 September 2011, This supermassive black hole is regulating the growth of the galaxy by blowing bubbles and heating the gases around it. Wan et al. Unlike other galaxy clusters, the hot gas in the Phoenix cluster is cooling rapidly, nearly at the expected rate for gas not affected by bursts of energy from a black hole. More normal matter is present there than the total of all the other galaxies in the cluster. … The central black hole has an estimated mass on the order of 20 billion M☉.
The central elliptical cD galaxy of this cluster hosts an active galactic nucleus, which is powered by a central supermassive black hole. Stars are forming in the Phoenix Cluster at the highest rate ever observed for the middle of a galaxy cluster. Remarkably, it also is cooling enough gas to feed itself,” said co-author Prof. Brian McNamara, from the This result helps astronomers understand the workings of the cosmic ‘thermostat’ that controls the launching of radio jets from the supermassive black hole. field by AzTEC/ASTE – II. ; "A Massive, Cooling-Flow Induced Starburst in the Core of a Highly Luminous Galaxy Cluster", R. Williamson, et al. The diameter of the black hole's immense event horizon is on the order of 118 billion kilometers, 19 times the distance from the Sun to Pluto, and has the mass equival… ; "Deep 1.1 mm-wavelength imaging of the GOODS-South All Rights Reserved. The detected SZE signal shows much higher central concentration than other distant galaxy clusters and agrees well with the average pressure profile of local cool-core clusters. This material powers the jets that disrupt the region and quenches star formation.
Data from observations indicate that hot gas is cooling in the central regions at a rate of 3,820 solar masses per year, the highest ever recorded.It is also undergoing a massive starburst, the highest recorded in the middle of a galaxy cluster, although other galaxies at higher redshifts have a higher starburst rate.
Hugging the outside of these bubbles, ALMA discovered an unexpected trove of cold gas, the fuel for star formation (red).
3 trillion: The number of stars that reside in the Phoenix cluster's central galaxy, compared to 200 billion or so in our own Milky Way. [ Gallery: Chandra Spies Fastest-Growing Galaxy Cluster ] © 2011-2020. (see M. McDonald, et al. The background image is from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope.
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