"There are many other possibilities as well. As any science hobbyist knows, spinning a magnet is a great way to generate a few volts—it's the basic principle of DC motors. It is these phenomena that can accelerate electrons so much that they produce a dazzling display, he says.We often use models of Earth’s atmosphere and magnetic field as jumping-off points for Jupiter’s auroral glow is much stronger than Earth’s, so researchers assumed it was caused by the same process that generates our planet’s brightest auroras. But new observations from “For many years we thought we understood Jupiter’s aurora,” says Now, Barry Mauk at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland and his colleagues have analysed Juno’s data and found that the likely cause of On our planet, most intense auroras are the result of powerful electric fields building up along Those electrons collide with atoms in the upper atmosphere and give up some of their energy. "We're still trying to figure it out," says Gladstone.But that is a minor detail compared to another, even bigger puzzle: There is an X-ray "pulsar" inside Jupiter's northern auroras. Unlike Saturn’s main aurora that changes size as the solar winds vary, Jupiter’s main auroral ring maintains a constant size. An explosion on the sun hurls a billion-ton cloud of gas in our direction, and a few days later, it hits. The auroras on Jupiter are not derived purely from the solar wind, as they are on Earth, although intense solar storms can cause the Jovian auroras to be stronger than normal. While on Earth the most intense auroras are caused by solar storms — when charged particles rain down on the upper atmosphere, excite gases and cause them to glow red, green and purple — Jupiter has an additional source for its auroras. The 'charge exchange reaction' produces intense X-ray auroras," he explains.So Jupiter's Northern Lights are, in a sense, volcano powered. "Somehow, these ions make their way to Jupiter's poles where electric fields send them hurtling toward the planet below. Charged particles rain down on the upper atmosphere, causing the air to glow red, green and purple.
"Jupiter is able to generate its own lights," says Gladstone.The process begins with Jupiter's spin: The giant planet turns on it axis once every 10 hours and drags its planetary magnetic field around with it. Although some of the auroras found on Jupiter form in a similar manner to those on Earth, many are formed due to the trapping of particles within its own magnetic environment. The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory controls science and flight operations from the Chandra X-ray Center, Cambridge, Mass.FUSE Observes Jupiter in Support of the New Horizons Flyby --Grand Theft Pluto -- (Science@NASA) New Horizons flew past Jupiter on Feb. 28th and stole some velocity for its trip to PlutoAuthor: Dr. Tony Phillips | Production Editor: Dr. Tony Phillips | Credit: Science@NASA How do Earth, the planets, and the heliosphere respond?Weather and Atmospheric Dynamics Focus Area Publications and Research HighlightsCarbon Cycle and Ecosystems Focus Area Publications and Research HighlightsIndia overtakes China as top emitter of sulfur dioxideLocal land subsidence increases flood risk in San Francisco BaySea surface salinity could provide new insight into severe stormsSeeing the connection between neighboring volcanoes at depthWarm ocean waters off Greenland put glaciers at more risk "Maybe Jupiter's magnetic field, when it gets hit by a solar wind gust, rings like a bell with a 45-minute period," he speculates. Jupiter's auroras were discovered by the Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. They're hundreds of times more energetic than auroras on Earth. First of all, Jupiter has an incredibly powerful spin. When the atoms release that energy, they emit tiny bursts of light that together make up the aurora.“On Earth, these electric potentials cause the most intense auroras – these are the beautiful twisting snake-like undulations that people marvel at when they go see the aurora in northern regions,” says Mauk.But even though Jupiter’s electric potential wells are up to 30 times stronger than Earth’s, Mauk and his team found that they don’t align with the auroras.“These electric potentials are not the source of the most intense aurora at Jupiter.
The campaign was timed to coincide with New Horizons flyby of Jupiter—a slingshot maneuver designed to increase its velocity en route to Pluto.
Sometimes Chandra sees it, sometimes not.
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